Andrew Goodwin Identified various features of music videos, they distinguish the genre characteristics, which emulate the typical codes and conventions of music genres for example, expensive products for in the music videos for Hip - Hop artist and for indie bands Indie bands it would be illustrate some sort of performance and a narrative. Andrew Goodwin states that there is a difference in the links of the music videos and this is done so through Illustrative, amplifying and contradicting. Music videos generate the typical genre codes and convention these emulate the type of story they are trying to portray and the beat of the music allows it to tell the story in some cases with songs that necessarily do not have lyrics. This can be developed due to the mise en scene and the camera shot which attempt to remind he audience of the genre. For example, in a performance video of "Mumford and Sons" music video "little Lion Man" as there performing in band showing there chemistry close ups of different musical instruments as it shows that there are all musically gifted. Moreover the clothing is all of similar style.The illustration of the lyrics can be told within the music video, not only do they have to be followed with the lyrics there play an alternative role by contradicting the lyrics and also exaggerating the lyrical meaning. This can be used to make the audience understand the meaning of the lyrics and picture it in the artist Interpretation of the song. This is shown by styles of Taylor Swift with her song "You belong with me" Where there action that are performed on the screen cross reference the lyrics of the song. "You on the phone with your girlfriend and she's gone upset" at the exact moment a frame of the guy in the window is on the phone. With an over the shoulder shot blurred camera placing the attention of the Lyric and character its intended for. Similarly it can also be portrayed by the music as the scenes that appear are following the beat of the song. taking snap shots of the a scene.
There is also the relationship that’s between the music and his visuals amplifying the visuals that appear on the screen this is common among drum and base and the beat that follows would be following the visuals, this enables the video to be more engaging the video. Disjuncture, which may appear common in techno/drum and base music videos, whereas illustration would tend to accrue in R&B and Pop Music to the visuals as majority of the music video tend to tell a story by using the lyrics, examples of this is shown by, Eric Prydz - Call On Me. Although, it is not as recognized on the R&B songs i am able to challenge the codes and conventions of the music genre. This would add more depth to the music video especially with slow tempo music that are not usually associated with the high tempo.
Furthermore, Record labels may want the close up shots of the artist, amplifying the image of the artist selling their product to the audience. In a video such as Rihanna's "Stay" although the lyrics are not specifically intend for another purpose of the video. As it portrays voyeurism of Rihanna as she lays nude in a bath, additionally as it moves to extreme close ups it allows the audience to analyse closely the details of Rihanna herself. In addition not only is it shown on the star of the music videos there is also other ways of close up shots used for voyeuristic treatment of the female body. Which in a way can be used to attract more male audience as 50 cent looks through a sipper at a woman emphasizing the use of voyeurism on women.Inter-textual reference is the link between a music video and movie or T.V. program, this can be illustrated by the mise en scene with an artist or casting crew dressed the same a particular movie. Which can be noticed quickly by an audience who may be interested in both a film and the artist. This is shown in Madonna’s song Material girl.
